首先综述了基于二维光催化剂的电子结构调控方式，包括厚度调节、元素掺杂、缺陷工程和异质结的设计等。其次，由于半导体异质结在减少光生电子空穴复合速度方面具有独特的优势，着重介绍了由二维材料与其它不同维数的半导体界面组成的异质结的研究进展。最后介绍了新型二维光催化材料在析氢、CO₂还原、固氮和污染物降解等方面的应用。总结文献可知，二维材料与块体材料相比，具有较高的比表面积、表面存在大量的活性位点、能更有效地分离催化剂中的载流子、合适的能带结构、可调节的光吸收区等特点。文末总结了目前的研究现状和面临的挑战，并展望了二维材料在光催化中的应用前景。

Firstly， the electronic structure control methods of photocatalysts based on two dimensional （2D） materials are briefly reviewed， including thickness control， element doping， defect engineering and heterojunction design， etc. Secondly， it is mainly introduced that the research progress of heterogeneous junctions composed of 2D materials and other semiconductor interfaces with different dimensions due to the unique advantages of heterogeneous junctions in reducing the rate of photoelectron hole recombination. Then the applications of new 2D photocatalytic materials in hydrogen evolution， CO₂ reduction， nitrogen fixation and pollutant degradation are introduced. It is shown that， compared with bulk materials， 2D materials have higher specific surface area， a large number of active sites on the surface， more effective separation of carriers in the catalyst， appropriate energy band structure， and adjustable light absorption zone， etc. At last the current research status and challenges are briefly summarized， and the prospect of application of 2D materials in photocatalysis is prospected .