光谱观测技术作为空间目标特征信息获取的一种方式,为空间目标表面材料的识别与性能分析提供了重要的解决方法。目前,光学信息采集元件的精密化程度高,因此空间目标观测技术也呈现多样性。基于长春人造卫星观测站1.2 m空间目标光学望远镜,联合推扫式光栅光谱仪、光纤光谱仪、滤波器光谱相机三种终端设备,分别对恒星与空间目标开展观测并获取光谱数据;进一步,通过数据对观测技术进行适应性分析。结果表明:三种方法均适用于恒星和高轨道空间目标的观测,可得到较好的光谱数据;滤波器光谱相机、光纤光谱仪适用于观测低轨道空间目标;而推扫式光栅光谱仪、滤波器光谱相机适用于观测中轨道空间目标。此外,滤波器光谱相机还可为精跟型空间目标光谱数据的获取提供观测参考。对于不同应用环境,对终端成本、光路调试复杂程度、获取光强度、可调整观测波段、数据处理复杂程度的对比分析可作为后续方案的参考。

As a way to obtain the feature information of space targets, the spectral observation technology provides an important solution for the identification and performance analysis of the surface materials of space targets. At present, the degree of precision of optical information collection components is high, so the space target observation technology also shows diversity. Based on the 1.2 m space target optical telescope at the Changchun Satellite Observatory, three terminal devices of the push-broom grating spectrometer, the optical fiber spectrometer, and the filter spectrometer camera are used to observe stars and space targets and thus spectral data are obtained. Further, the adaptive analysis of the observation technology is conducted through the data. The results show that the three methods are all suitable for the observation of stars and high-orbit space targets, and can obtain better spectral data. In contrast, the filter spectroscopic cameras and the fiber spectrometers are suitable for observing the low-orbit space targets, however the push-broom grating spectrometers and the filter spectroscopic cameras are suitable for observing the medium-orbit space targets. In addition, the filter spectroscopic cameras can provide an observation reference for the acquisition of spectral data of precision-tracked space targets. For different application environments, the equipment cost, the optical path debugging degree, the obtained light intensity, the adjustable observation band, and the degree of data processing can be used as a reference for subsequent programs.