相机标定是成像和计算机视觉的基础,也是传感和视觉检测的前提。相机将空间物体的三维特征点以二维形式呈现在成像平面,相机标定通过空间三维特征点与对应二维图像点确定相机的各个参数,包括内部光学特性参数的标定和相机在三维空间坐标系中位姿的标定。在简述面阵相机工作原理的基础上,对面阵相机标定模型、标定方法以及大视场相机快速标定方法进行了综述,然后讨论了相机应用领域以及标定技术的最新进展,最后展望了相机标定未来的研究方向。

Camera calibration is the basis for imaging and computer vision as well as the premise for sensing and vision detection. The camera presents the three-dimensional feature points of space objects in a two-dimensional form on the imaging plane. Each parameter of the camera is determined by the three-dimensional feature points in space and the corresponding two-dimensional image points. This process is called camera calibration, including the calibrations of the internal parameters and the position and pose of the camera in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system. Based on a brief introduction of the working principle of the area-array camera, this paper summarizes the area-array camera calibration model, calibration methods, rapid calibration methods for large field-of-view cameras, and discusses the latest camera application fields and calibration technologies. Finally, the future research direction of camera calibration is prospected.