由于各国愈发重视海洋安全和领土安全问题，水下激光通信发挥着越来越重要的作用。在复杂的海洋环境中实现信息高速和安全的传输是水下激光通信亟待研究的课题。梳理了国内外水下激光通信系统的发展历程，总结了系统的技术优势，给出了通信原理，分析了影响系统性能的关键技术。最后指出未来的水下激光通信系统将具有更高的通信速率、更低的误码率、更远的通信距离、更大的容量、更小的功耗和更小的体积等优点，并从点对点通信发展到组网式通信。

As all countries pay more and more attention to marine security and territorial issues， underwater laser communication plays a more and more important role. The realization of high-speed transmission and confidentiality of information in a complex marine environment is an urgent subject for underwater laser communication. This paper sorts out the development history of underwater laser communication systems at home and abroad， summarizes their technical advantages， gives their communications principles， analyzes the key technologies influencing the system''s performance. Finally， the future underwater laser communication systems will not only possess high communication rate， low bit-error rate， long transmission distance， large capacity， low power consumption， and small size， but also develop from point-to-point communication to network-type communication.