光子集成的发展极大地促进了光栅耦合器的研究。非对称光栅打破了耦合对称条件，能够实现相对较高的耦合效率。近年来，倾斜光栅、闪耀光栅和二元闪耀光栅等均得到了极大发展，它们的结构设计、制备方法和测试方法等也都得到了改进。介绍了光栅作为光纤与光波导的耦合器的工作原理和主要特点，梳理了光栅耦合器的主要类型及各类型所面临的主要问题和解决方法，列举了一些值得关注的研究成果。旨在帮助研究者了解光栅耦合器的研究现状和潜在的发展方向，从而为未来的相关研究提供参考。

Fast development of photonic integration has promoted researches on grating couplers. Asymmetrical gratings can realize high-efficiency coupling because they break the symmetrical coupling conditions. Slanted gratings， blazed gratings， binary blazed gratings， and others have obtained important development， especially their structural design， manufacturing methods， and test methods have obtained improvement. The working principles and main features for various gratings as couplers between optical fibers and waveguides are introduced. The main types and the main problems and solution methods faced by each type of gratings are systematically analyzed， and some remarkable research results are enumerated. The aim is to help researchers know about the research status and potential development directions， and thus provide some reference for the future related researches.