光热、光化及光机械等多种激光-生物组织相互作用研究的基础都是对激光辐照下生物组织内部光分布的准确描述,而准确描述组织内部光分布的有效手段是采用各类数学模型及模拟方法。主要概述了目前国内外描述组织内部光分布的主要理论、研究模型及定量分析方法,对各方法模型的适用范围、优势及局限等进行了横向对比分析,同时对大多数仿真及实验的理论基础进行了纵向回顾,并将重点聚焦于总结国内外学者在理论上的最新突破及对实际问题的解决,以方便读者快速、全面地追踪前沿。最后总结了目前该领域研究中所面临的几个主要问题,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。

The basis of various laser-biological tissue interaction studies such as photothermal, actinic, and photomechanical effect studies is the accurate description of the light distribution in biological tissues under laser irradiation, and the effective methods to accurately describe the light distribution are various mathematical models and simulation methods. Therefore, the paper systematically summarizes the main theories, research models, and quantitative analysis methods that describe the light distribution in the biotissue at home and abroad. At the same time, the horizontal comparison and analysis of the application scope, advantages, and limitations of each method model is carried out. We longitudinally review the theoretical basis of most simulations and experiments, and focus on summarizing the latest theoretical breakthroughs and solutions of practical problems proposed by domestic and foreign scholars, so as to facilitate readers to track the frontier quickly and comprehensively. Finally, we point out some deficiencies in the current research in this field and make a certain prospect for the future development direction.