近年来，激光调控优化贵金属纳米复合构型作为一种基于光子与物质相互作用的激发机制的新策略，既可以有效构建出表面洁净无污染的多功能化纳米材料，又能获得常规合成方式难以实现的亚稳相复合构型，因此在众多前沿应用领域具有显著优势。在简单的液相环境中，该策略主要通过聚焦高功率脉冲激光束烧蚀靶材产生高温高压的金属等离子体，后续金属等离子体在热力学非平衡状态下瞬间冷却并成核结晶，从而构建出多种新颖纳米复合构型。此外，该策略充分利用短波长激光束的高光子能量，还可以激发基底材料产生热电子作为独特的还原剂实现周围溶液中金属离子的还原，最终在前驱体负载生长出多形态的金属纳米构型。通过调控激光液相辐照参数，可以有效调控优化贵金属纳米复合构型表面原子的微观形态，使其具备优异的光激发性能，进而被广泛应用于表面增强拉曼散射、光催化、近红外强吸收等应用领域。从激光诱导调控优化金属基纳米复合材料出发，归纳了激光液相诱导策略的可控合成机理，并对激光调控优化贵金属复合构型的潜在应用及未来发展趋势进行了展望。

In recent years, as a novel strategy based on the excitation mechanism of photon-matter interaction, laser-controlled optimization of noble metal nanocomposite configuration can not only effectively construct multifunctional nanomaterials with clean surface, but also obtain metastable phase composite configuration which is difficult to achieve by conventional synthesis methods. Therefore, it has significant advantages in many frontier applications. In a simple liquid phase environment, this strategy mainly generates high-temperature and high-pressure metal plasma by focusing a high-power pulsed laser beam to ablate target materials, and then instantaneously cools and nucleates under the thermodynamic non-equilibrium state, thereby constructing various unique nanostructures. In addition, making full use of the high photon energy of the short wavelength laser beam, this strategy can also excite the substrate material to produce hot electrons, which can be used as a unique reducing agent to realize the reduction of metal ions in the surrounding solution, and finally grows multi-morphology metal nanostructures on the precursor. By adjusting the laser liquid phase irradiation parameters, the surface atom microscopic morphology of the optimized noble metal nanocomposite configuration can be effectively adjusted to make it have excellent light excitation performance, and then it is widely used in surface enhanced Raman scattering, photocatalysis, near infrared strong absorption, and other application areas. In this paper, the controllable synthesis mechanism of the laser-induced liquid-phase strategy is summarized based on laser-induced optimization of metal matrix nanocomposites, and the potential applications and future development trend of laser-controlled optimization of noble metal composite configurations are prospected.