酞菁及其衍生物是一类能在相当宽的紫外可见吸收光谱范围内通过激发态吸收过程限制纳秒激光脉冲强度的理想光限幅材料之一, 可以保护人眼、光学仪器、传感器等免受激光损伤。由于酞菁分子结构的灵活性, 可以在很大程度上通过结构设计或修饰来调节其光限幅响应能力。对酞菁进行轴向取代修饰能有效地防止材料聚集行为, 增强材料的非线性光学和光限幅能力。这类酞菁的纳秒非线性吸收和光限幅行为主要取决于电子吸收谱中位于Q-带和B-带之间的激发态吸收性能。着重介绍了近年来基于可溶性轴向和侧基取代的酞菁及其衍生物的光限幅功能材料研究的最新进展。

Phthalocyanines are such materials that optically limit nanosecond light pulses in a fairly wide range of the UV/Vis spectrum via excited state absorption processes, which can be used to protect human eyes, optical elements and sensors from intense laser pulses. Optical limiting response can be tailored over a broad range due to the high architectural flexibility of the phthalocyanine structure. A series of new highly soluble axially and peripherally substituted or bridged phthalocyanine-based organic functional materials with excellent optical limiting potential have been reported in recent years. The usual tendency of phthalocyanines to form aggregates can be effectively suppressed by axial substitution. The nanosecond nonlinear absorption and the optical limiting of axially modified phthalocyanines are dominated by a strong triplet state absorption in the optical region comprised between Q-bands and B-bands in their UV/Vis absorption spectra. This review lays special stress on introducing the recent progress in this area.