用于星间通信的激光器具有接近衍射极限的激光波面,已有的波面测量方法,在这一具体测量问题中,都存在一定限制。双剪切波面干涉测量法在雅满横向剪切干涉仪的基础上,采用四块楔形平板,将干涉图分为上下两个部分,具有不同的条纹间距,由此求出波面高度和符号,同得到单幅干涉图的其它干涉测量方法相比,它的最小可测量波高减小一倍以上。在介绍干涉仪的基本结构和原理的基础上,模拟了像差存在时的干涉图,并在实验上得到了波高为0.3λ的初步结果。双剪切波面干涉测量法,可以目视判断波差的符号和估计量值,为等光程相干,适用于半导体等相干长度小的光源。

Inter-satellite communication needs near diffraction-limited laser. Wavefront testing of diffraction-limited laser is difficult through several techniques reported before. Double-shearing interferometer presented here including four wedges is designed on the basis of traditional Jamin lateral shearing interferometer. The wavefront aberration can be deduced from the different fringe spacing with half minimum wavefront height of single aperture. The apparatus and principle of the interferometer are explained. Some simulations and the experiment of 0.3 wavelength wavefront height are given also. Then it is clear that with this design it is easy to know the sign of the wavefront aberration and to evaluate the value by nakedeyes. The interferometer works in the equal optical path interference which is useful for laser diode etc. with shorter coherent length.