以格兰泰勒棱镜为例,根据实验现象对透射光强随旋转角扰动的原因进行了理论分析。实验中发现,透射光强曲线随着入射角的微小变化而偏离马吕斯定律,出现了周期性扰动。通过格兰泰勒棱镜的单色偏振光束产生的干涉,再加上晶体空气隙界面处反射比的因素,使得出射光强依赖于入射角。引入了扰动因子的概念,并系统讨论了扰动因子所造成的影响,从而得出了减小扰动的方法。理论研究结果与实验符合较好。为偏光棱镜的优化设计、生产及使用提供了理论基础。

The analytical study on transmitted intensity′s perturbance of the Glan-Taylor prism with varying rotation angle is given. It is found that the variation of the transmitted intensity with the rotation angle deviates from Malus law, exhibiting a cyclic fluctuation with the rotation angle. The occurrence of the disturbance is explained by interferance between the monochromatic light passing through the Glan-Taylor prism and the factor of the crystal-air interface transmissivity, which together lead to the relation between the transmitted intensity and the incident angle. The notion of the perturbance factor is introduced, and the influences of the factor discussed systematically. Theoretical results meet well with the experiment. Effective measures for weakening the disturbance are presented. The discussions here supply theoretical basis for the design,production and use of the polarizing prisms.