到达地球表面的天体红外辐射由地球表面的红外"窗口"形成一个特殊的波段.因为大气层的折射,天体红外辐射信号的传播路径为曲线,即天文观测中的蒙气差现象.利用天文观测进行舰船定位,历来倍受各国重视.由于可见光波段极易受到大气云雾的遮挡,无法实现"全天候"天文观测,红外天文观测定位便受到关注.对天体的红外观测能确定天体在天球上的位置,或通过观测红外天体进行天文定位时,须考虑大气对红外波段的折射影响,文中提出了观测天体红外信息的蒙气差ρ的理论计算和修正方法,具有一定的实用性.

The refraction is the phenomenon that the path of infrared from celestial bodies will be bend because of the atmosphere and its window of infrared. Light clouds easily keep out the lights from celestial bodies, but the infrared may go through the light clouds and atmosphere when it is observed at any part of the earth. Therefore locating by the ray of infrared from celestial bodies is noticed day after day. It is necessary to get the modification of the refraction of infrared ray from the celestial bodies when the infrared ray determines the position of observer. The practical theoretical calculation and correction methods for the refraction ρ of the celestial bodies for certain wavelength are presented.