航空相机拍照时，由于受到振动影响成像分辨率会降低。采用动态调制传递函数研究正弦振动对成像的影响，通过基于空间域的计算方法对高频和低频振动的调制传递函数(MTF)进行了分析，指出了曝光时间不等于振动周期整数倍的一般情况时，高频振动对成像质量的影响也具有随机性，但没有低频振动的随机性明显。采用快速反射镜作为振动源进行成像实验，对获得的振动图像使用小波变换提取图像的高频信息。实验中将曝光时间设定为20 ms，振动频率为50 Hz时，高频信息波动范围仅为0.0582×104，可以认为基本没有波动。当振动频率为15 Hz时，波动范围为0.6233×104，随机性很明显，而振动频率为65 Hz时，波动范围为0.1245×104，随机性不明显。通过高频信息与MTF的对应关系，实验证明了理论分析的正确性。在理论分析和实验的基础上，总结了正弦振动对成像影响的普遍性结论。该结论可用于分析成像系统光机结构设计，也可应用于图像去模糊，具有一定的意义。

The imaging resolution of aerial camera is limited by vibration during exposure. Dynamic modulation transfer function is used to study the impact of the sinusoidal vibration on imaging. Modulation transfer function (MTF) of high-frequency and low-frequency vibrations are analyzed through the calculation method based on spatial domain. When exposure time is not equal to an integer multiples of the vibration cycle, the impact of high-frequency vibrations on image quality is also random, but the randomness is less apparent than low-frequency vibration. The fast steering mirror is used to simulate vibrations, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor is used to capture images, wavelet transform is used to extract high frequency information. Exposure time is set to 20 ms, when the vibration frequency is 50 Hz, the fluctuation range of high-frequency information is only 0.0582×104, which can be ignored compared with the total number of high-frequency information. When the vibration frequency is 15 Hz, the fluctuation range is 0.6233×104 and randomness is obvious. But when the vibration frequency is 65 Hz, the fluctuation range is 0.1245×104 and randomness is not obvious. By the correspondence between high-frequency information and MTF, the correctness of theoretical analysis is proved. On the basis of theoretical analysis and experiments, the general conclusion of sinusoidal vibration′s effect on imaging is summed. This conclusion can not only be used to analyze the design of the imaging system structure, but also can be applied to image deblurring.