针对大气二氧化碳高精度反演对卫星载荷测量技术的极高要求，通过与传统的色散型和干涉型光谱测量技术的比较，介绍了一种新型的超光谱测量技术即空间外差光谱技术。依据航天条件下的载荷技术需求，较详细地介绍了探测原理和仪器结构，展示了这种技术获取超光谱分辨率和高信噪比数据的能力，以及小体积、轻质量和低功率等在航天环境下的重要技术优势。在此基础上，利用本所自主研制的原理样机进行了大气二氧化碳探测实验，结果表明其观测数据精度能够良好地应用于二氧化碳反演，其探测结果与日本碳嗅卫星(GOSAT)观测结果相一致，说明空间外差技术具有应用于卫星对地探测大气二氧化碳的能力。

Considered the rigorous requirement on satellite measurement technology for achieving high precision retrieval of atmospheric CO2, compared with dispersive spectroscopy and interferometric spectroscopy, a novel technology as spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is introduced. According to the requirements on sensor aboard on satellite, measurement principle and instrument structure are introduced in detail, which exhibits the superiority of this technology as the ability of achieving ultrahigh spectral resolution and high signal to noise ratio, and the key technical advantages of small volume, light mass and low power. Based on these, atmospheric CO2 measurement experiments are carried out using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) prototype developed by our institute. The results show that the measurements can satisfy the atmospheric CO2 retrieval, and the consistency of experiment results with greenhouse gases observing Satellite (GOSAT) CO2 is verified that spatial heterodyne spectroscopy has the ability of measuring atmospheric CO2 from space.