对单色平行光照明玻璃微珠产生的散射光强分布，采用Debye理论对其分析时发现位于球形粒子左侧的探测器上接收到的k阶彩虹光强分布主要由衍射光、直接反射光和k次内反射光的相互叠加形成，而位于球形粒子右侧的探测器上接收到的k阶彩虹光强分布主要是衍射光、直接透射光和k次内反射光的叠加形成；当入射光波长一定时，玻璃微珠的折射率大小将影响散射光强分布中的最小偏向角在探测器上的位置，而玻璃微珠直径不影响最小偏向角位置，但影响散射光强的周期。实验分析了折射率和半径对最小偏向角附近一次彩虹和二次彩虹散射光强分布的影响，并与几何方法进行了比较，结果与运用Debye理论数值模拟结果相吻合。这说明提出的假设具有合理性，因此光经玻璃微珠散射形成的最小偏向角可用于其折射率的测量。

When investigating the scattering intensity distribution produced by a glass bead which is illuminated by a collimated beam with single length, Debye theory can be used to simulate and discuss the scattering properties. It is found that the intensity distribution of the k-order rainbow recorded by a detector which is on the left of a spherical particle is the superposition of the diffracted rays, the external reflected rays and the k time internal reflected rays primarily. The intensity distribution of the k-order rainbow on the right of the spherical particle is the superposition of the diffracted rays, the transmitting rays and the k time internal reflected rays mostly. When the wavelength of incident light is constant, the refractive index of the glass beads will change the degrees of the minimum deviation angle in the scattered light intensity distribution on the detector, and their diameters have no effect on the position of minimum deviation angle. Experimentally, the scattered intensity distribution of the first and the second rainbows of the glass beads with different refractive indices and radius are analyzed, and are compared with the geometrical method, which agrees with the result of simulation in Debye theory. This result shows that the proposed assumptions are reasonable, which can be used to measure the refractive index of the glass beads through testing the minimum deviation angle formed by the light scattering.