为了快速、准确地获得大尺寸工业产品或带有深槽孔工件的关键点三维坐标, 本文基于工业近景摄影测量理论、立体视觉技术等, 研究并实现了两种工业便携式、接触式光学探针测量系统。研究了测量系统涉及的探针设计、探针标定以及三维点解算等关键技术, 设计了点阵式和手持相机式两种适用于不同工业场合的工业探针。针对点阵式探针的测量, 提出了一种用于解算探针坐标系与世界坐标系相对关系的点云匹配方法。此外, 采用拟合虚拟球的方法准确标定了两种探针的内部参数。最后, 通过对比标准球与三坐标测量机的测量结果, 得到系统的测量精度可达0.1 mm/m。该精度满足一般大、中型工件的三维点测量精度标准。

To accurately obtain the 3-D coordinates of key points of large-size industrial products or some work pieces with deep holes, two kinds of optical, contact and portable probe systems were studied and implemented based on the theory of close-range photogrammetry and stereo vision technology. The key technologies applied in the systems were studied, including probe design, probe calibration and 3-D point reconstruction. Two kinds of probes, dot-matrix and hand-camera, were designed to apply to different industrial product measurements. Then, for the dot-matrix probe measurement, a point cloud registration method was proposed to solve the relationship beween probe coordinate system and world coordinate system. Besides, a method of fitting the virtual ball was used to calibrate two probes. Finally, four standard balls were measured in an accuracy test. The comparison results from three-coordinate measuring machine show that the measurement accuracy of the system can be up to 0.1 mm/m. It suggests that the system has met the general accuracy standards of the three-dimensional point measurement of medium and large sized products.