单原子脉塞和单原子激光是腔量子电动力学研究的重要实验平台。本文综述关于几类单原子脉塞和单原子激光的研究工作，包括德国Walther小组的单原子脉塞、超冷原子注入的单原子脉塞，法国Haroche小组的腔量子电动力学系统、注入原子的单原子激光、以及囚禁原子和囚禁离子的单原子激光。我们介绍相关的理论工作、实验系统、以及主要结果。

One-atom maser and one-atom laser are important experimental proving grounds in the study on cavity quantum electrodynamics(CQED). This paper reviews the studies on several types of one-atom masers and one-atom lasers,including the one-atom maser of Walther's group,the one-atom maser injected with ultracold atoms,the CQED system of Haroche's group,the one-atom laser with injected atoms,the one-atom laser with a single trapped ion,and the one-atom laser with a single trapped atom. The author introduces typical experimental systems and their main results,and also reviews relevant theoretical works.