分析了船用铝合金T型材的特点,提出激光焊接船用铝合金T型材的方法。采用CO2激光填丝焊接方法实现了6.0 mm厚船用5083铝合金T形构件角焊缝的焊接。在平板扫描焊接实验的基础上,重点研究了激光束入射角度、作用位置及焊接速度与送丝速度的匹配关系对角焊缝成形的影响。针对6.0 mm的5083铝合金,采用Ar和He混合保护气在激光功率为3300～3500 W,离焦量为0的情况下进行焊接。激光入射角度为22°～25°,激光作用于竖板距横板0.8～1.0 mm处,焊接速度2.2～2.5 m/min,送丝速度2.5～2.8 m/min的条件下,能够得到满意的角焊缝成形。同时,讨论了船用铝合金T型材CO2激光焊接过程中产生气孔和过程不稳定的原因。

Characteristics of shipbuilding T-section aluminum alloy have been analyzed. The method of laser welding shipbuilding T-section aluminum alloy has been put forward. Fillet welds of 6.0 mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy T-joints have been completed through laser beam welding with wire filler material. Based on plate welding, the influences of laser beam incident angle, working position and relationship between welding speed and wire feeding speed on shaping of welds have been studied. On the condition of 3300～3500W laser power, 0 mm defocusing length, Ar and He blending shield gas, 22°～25° laser incident angle, 0.8～1.0 mm from laser working position to the cross plate, 2.2～2.5 m/min welding speed and 2.5～2.8 m/min wire feeding speed, satisfied weld shape can be achieved. The reasons of porosities production and process instability in CO2 laser welding shipbuilding T-section aluminum alloy are also discussed.