为了准确安装四分之一波片,介绍了一种精确确定光路中四分之一波片光轴方位的新方法,并利用米勒矩阵理论分析了影响测量结果的误差因素。测试方法所用的主要理论有米勒矩阵理论、傅里叶分析方法和最小二乘法。该方法利用最小二乘法得到了最优傅里叶系数,利用消光比测试原理实现了检偏棱镜的精确安装,利用反馈环控制系统对步进电机的步进角进行了控制。误差分析表明该方法的测量误差与四分之一波片光轴方位角本身的大小有关。实验结果表明该方法的标准不确定度为0.03。

In order to fix quarter-wave plate accurately, a new method is presented to measure the optical-axis azimuth of quarter-wave plate. The errors influencing test results are analyzed by Müller matrix theory. The main theories were used including Müeller matrix theory, Fourier analysis and least squares method, and the optimized Fourier coefficients of the signal are obtained by the least squares method. By the principle of extinction-ratio measuring system, the analyzing prism is fixed accurately. A high-accuracy step motor is used to control the rotation angle by the feedback loop system. The theoretical analysis of error proves that measurement error is related to the azimuth angle itself, and the experimental results have proved that the normal uncertainty in the measurement was 0.03.