光合作用色素组成是浮游植物分类的重要依据。通过对蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻和隐藻等5个门类浮游植物三维荧光光谱的差异性分析，提取了与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素、藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白等光合色素相关的36个特征荧光光谱点，提出了基于色素特征荧光光谱的不同门类浮游植物分类测量方法。对铜绿微囊藻、小球藻、桅杆藻、光甲藻和卵形隐藻的实验结果表明：色素特征荧光光谱法对5种藻类纯种样品的测量误差分别为5.15%、5.63%、7.90%、4.85%、6.55%，对优势藻类（质量分数高于50%）的测量误差分别为7.96%、8.69%、5.44%、10.78%、15.57%，对劣势藻类（质量分数低于30%）的测量误差分别为18.29%、17.52%、20.01%、29.11%、20.14%，测量结果准确度达到了三维荧光光谱法水平，但数据量和计算时间仅是三维荧光光谱法的1.1%和2.2%，是一种快速有效的浮游植物分类测量方法。

The photosynthetic pigment composition is an important basis of classification of phytoplankton. Three dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectra of five phytoplankton divisions (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta) are analyzed and 36 characteristic fluorescence peaks which are related to chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, carotenoid, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin are extracted. On this basis, a classified measurement method of phytoplankton based on characteristic fluorescence of photosynthetic pigments is put forward. Pure cultures and mixed cultures of Microcystis aemginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Fragilaria sp, Glenodinium gymnodinium and Cryptomonas ovate are tested. For the five pure cultures, the measuring errors are 5.15%, 5.63%, 7.90%, 4.85%, 6.55%. For dominant species (mass fraction higher than 50%), the measuring errors are 7.96%, 8.69%, 5.44%, 10.78%, 15.57%. For subordinate species (mass fraction less than 30%), the measuring errors are 18.29%, 17.52%, 20.01%, 29.11%, 20.14%. The characteristic fluorescence spectrometry is a fast and effective phytoplankton classified measurement method. Its measurement accuracy has reached the level of 3D fluorescence spectrometry, while the data volume and calculation time are only 1.1% and 2.2% of the 3D fluorescence spectrometry.