光学学报, 2008, 28 (s2): 339, 网络出版: 2009-01-05  

非制冷红外焦平面无效像元识别与实时补偿

A Method of Non-Effective Pixel Detection and Compensation of Un-Cooled Infrared Focal Plane Array
作者单位
电子科技大学电子薄膜与集成器件国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610054
摘要
非制冷红外焦平面阵列(UFPA)不可避免地存在无效像元, 这对UFPA的成像效果造成了极坏的影响。为解决这一问题, 在分析并总结各种非制冷红外焦平面无效像元识别算法优缺点的基础上, 提出一种新的无效像元识别与实时补偿方法。根据像元响应特性, 采用循环迭代法以搜索最优的无效像元判别阈值, 并据此标识出无效像元的位置。在硬件实现阶段, 对于M×N的UFPA器件, 在任意采样时刻, 利用移位寄存器保存当前采样点之前的M个响应值, 使其输出可实时更新为与采样点同列的上一个数据; 同时, 利用一般的寄存器实时保存与采样点同行的前一个数据, 采用同帧行列间内插法实现无效像元的实时补偿。该算法有效地解决了无效像元识别阈值选取困难及不易实时补偿的问题。针对320×240的UFPA器件, 该算法在基于FPGA的红外图像处理系统上得以实时实现, 成功地消除了无效像元对UFPA成像效果的影响。
Abstract
The non-effective pixels exist in the un-cooled infrared focal plane array (UFPA) inevitably, which has a bad effect on the UFPA imaging. Based on analyzing some kinds of algorithm on the non-effective pixels detection of un-cooled infrared focal plane array, a new method of detection and real-time compensation is presented in this article to solve this problem. First of all, the best threshold of the non-effective pixels detection is searched according to the pixels′ response characteristics and the locations of the non-effective pixels are marked as well. When realizing on hardware, for an M×N UFPA, at any sampling time, a shift-register is used to store M data which is before the current sample data and the shift-register′s output is updated with the data which is at the same column while the upper row. Meanwhile, a common register is used to store the data which is at the same row while the previous column. Then, the interpolation theory is introduced to compensate the non-effective pixel. The approach proposed solves the difficulty of the non-effective pixels detection and compensation efficiently. For a 320×240 UFPA, the algorithm has been realized on an infrared image processing system based on FPGA and the effect of non-effective pixel on the imaging system is eliminated successfully.

涂霞, 蒋亚东, 罗凤武, 王利颖. 非制冷红外焦平面无效像元识别与实时补偿[J]. 光学学报, 2008, 28(s2): 339. Tu Xia, Jiang Yadong, Luo fengwu, Wang Liying. A Method of Non-Effective Pixel Detection and Compensation of Un-Cooled Infrared Focal Plane Array[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2008, 28(s2): 339.

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