选取冰晶、沙尘和碳黑等典型气溶胶粒子为例, 应用T矩阵方法, 探讨了单分散长椭球形气溶胶粒子的散射相函数随纵横比、尺度参数和折射率的变化规律。折射率虚部为0时, 以纵横比为0.4的冰晶粒子和等表面积的球形冰晶粒子为例, 将两者的相函数比值ρ划分为5个数值区域: 1) 0°附近的前向散射ρ≈1, 2) 从5°左右到30°左右ρ>1, 3) 从30°～35°到80°～110°ρ<1, 4) 从80°～110°到150°～160°ρ1, 5) 160°以后ρ1。 同等条件下, 由于折射率的变化, 沙尘粒子ρ<1对应的范围扩大至更大角度, 而ρ1和ρ1对应的角度区域均相应减小, 而碳黑粒子的ρ1和ρ1对应的角度区域则消失, ρ演变为3个数值区域。上述长椭球形粒子散射相函数的结论为气溶胶粒形检测和分析提供了理论依据。

Typical particles such as ice crystal, dust and black carbon are selected. to study the changing tendency of scattering phase function with prolate spheroidic mono-disperse aerosol particles with different aspect ratio, size parameter and refractive index by T-matrix. When the imaginary part of refractive index is neglected, for ice crystal with aspect ratio of 0.4 and spherical particle with the same surface area, their phase function ratio, ρ, is divided into five regions: 1) ρ≈1, the region of nearly direct forward scattering, 2) ρ>1, from about 5° to 30°, 3) ρ<1, from about 30°～35° to 80°～110°, 4) ρ1, from about 80°～110°to 150°～160°, 5) ρ1, the field after 160°. In the same circumstances, for the change of refractive index, the field of ρ<1 for dust spreads to a larger angle region, but that corresponding to the fields of ρ1 and ρ1 all shrinks, however the number of ρ-value regions of carbon reduces to 3 since the regions of ρ1 and ρ1 disappear. Theoretical foundation is provided with measurement of aerosol to distinguish prolate spheroidic particles.