脆性材料由于其特殊的性能在工业产品中的应用日益增多, 相对于金属材料的加工技术, 目前对非金属脆性材料的加工工艺研究较少, 至今缺少高效的加工手段。随着激光技术的发展, 激光被公认为是加工脆性材料的一种很有潜力的加工工具。介绍了激光在脆性材料分离、成形、喷丸改性中应用研究的最新成果, 分析了其加工原理和技术特点。讨论了激光弯曲脆性材料过程中影响弯曲角度的几个因素, 提出了在激光喷丸脆性材料中应用位错理论解释激光使脆性材料改性的机理, 最后指出了目前激光加工脆性材料研究中存在的问题, 预测了激光加工脆性材料的发展前景。

Brittle materials have been applied more and more popularly because of their special properties, relativing to machining technique of metal materials, there is little study on processing for nonmetal brittle materials, and effective machining tools lack. With the development of laser technology, laser is becoming a potential processing tool for brittle materials. The principle of processing, characteristics and research status on brittle materials with laser separation, laser bending and laser peening are reviewed. Affecting factors of processing quality in laser separation and bending, such as laser energy, scanning velocity and beam mode, are discussed, the theory of dislocation is used to explain the performance improved in brittle materials after laser peening. Finally, some problems of laser application in nonmetal brittle materials processing are pointed out and future developments are forecasted.