具有特殊形貌及构型的表面(如金属薄膜)能够使位于其邻近的荧光分子的荧光信号得到增强, 这种现象被称之为表面增强荧光(Surface Enhanced Fluorescence, SEF)。有关表面增强荧光效应的研究探讨已有许多报道,并先后提出了多种增强机理以试图理解和解释观测到的实验现象。本文将在总结归纳已有机理研究的基础上,从物理学的角度出发分析理解局域场增强、能量转移以及辐射衰减速率增加等理论模型,并对衬底表面与荧光分子之间的间距变化对增强效果的影响进行探讨。

Metal surfaces with special morphologies can enhance the fluorescent emission signals of fluorophores at the surface. This phenomenon is named Surface Enhanced Fluorescence (SEF). Up to now, many investigations have been carried on SEF, various kinds of theoretical models have been raised to understand the mechanism of the observed SEF effects. This paper will try to analyze and understand the proposed enhancement mechanisms of the SEF from the point of physics, explore the physical processes and relations of local field enhancement, energy transfer, and plasmon coupled emission models. The influence of the distance between the fluorophore and the metal surface on the enhancement defect will be discussed, too.