生物技术与激光技术在20 世纪发展迅速。飞秒激光与其他长脉冲激光相比具有以下明显的特征：1) 由于能量淀积时间短，在激光加工时，可以实现热效应可以忽略的超精细加工；2) 聚焦时焦点附近的光子密度大，可以实现基于高度非线性过程的有空间选择的微观结构操控。因此，飞秒激光问世以来，其优越的特性引起了科学家，包括生物学家的普遍关注。本文综述了飞秒在现代生物学领域中的一些应用，包括基于多光子和二阶以及三阶光学非线性的生物三维成像、研究化学反应和生物学动力学过程、活细胞操纵以及生物材料的微处理和纳米尺度生物结构的切割等。

Both biology and laser techniques developed quickly in the last century. Femtosecond laser has two apparent features compared with other long pulsed lasers: 1) elimination of the thermal effect due to extremely short energy deposition time during laser-processing, resulting in precise micro-processing, 2) participation of various highly nonlinear processes enabled by high localization of laser photons in both time and spatial domains, resulting in highly localized structural manipulation. After the appearance of the femtosecond laser, it has attracted much attention of scientists, including biologists, due to its distinguishing characteristics. This article introduces applications of femtosecond laser in biology, including cell or tissue imaging based on multiphoton excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation as well as third harmonic generation，chemical and biological dynamic processes studying, living cell manipulation, micro-treatment of biomaterials and cutting of nano scale bio-structures, etc.