以两颗航天器间相对位置参数测量为研究对象，确定了基于单目计算机视觉及目标特征的测量方案，提出了基于超分辩率图像重构技术的航天器间相对位置的高精度测量方法。分析讨论了图像传感器的观察模型、图像传感器及光学测量系统的点扩散函数、配准方法、重构原理及方法。利用地面试验验证了该方法的正确性。试验结果表明：该方法与基于单帧图像及目标特征的方法、基于插值的方法相比较，在测量精度及稳定性等方面都有了较大的提高；与基于单帧图像及目标特征的方法相结合，不仅可以保证在不同作用距离上相对位置的高精度测量，而且具有较高的测量稳定性和可靠性。

Regarding relative position parameters measure between spacecrafts as research object,the measure scheme based on monocular computer vision and target feature was determined,the testing method with high precision of relative position between spacecrafts based on super-resolution image reconstruction was put forward. The observe model of image sensor,the point spread function of image sensor and the optical measure system,image registration method,the theory and method of image reconstruction are analyzed and discussed. The results of ground prototype testing system verify the correctness of this method. Test result shows that compared with the method based on single frame image and the method of interpolation,this method greatly improve precisiori and stability. Combined with the method based on single image and target feature,this method can not only guarantee the relative position measure of high accuracy at different effective distance,but also ensure the higher stability and reliability.