为了提高喇曼－米散射激光雷达探测大气气溶胶波长指数的精确度，利用不确定度传递公式对其不确定性进行了详细的理论分析，并结合喇曼－米散射激光雷达在合肥西郊的实际探测例子进行了实验研究，计算了信号、大气透过率比值和散射比参考值的相对不确定度，在高度6km以下信号相对不确定度一般小于30%，透过率比的相对不确定度一般小于4%，散射比参考值相对不确定度大小则由参考值与实际值差异而定。结果表明，适当增大激光脉冲能量和延长信号采集累计时间、准确标定散射比参考值可有效减小喇曼－米散射激光雷达探测大气气溶胶波长指数的不确定性。

In order to improve the measuring accuracy of aerosol wavelength exponent measured by Raman-Mie lidar(RML),the uncertainty propagation formula was used to analyze the uncertainty in detail. The uncertainties of signal,transmission ratio and assumed scattering ratio R_c were calculated based on the data measured over the west suburb of the city of Hefei.Commonly,below 6km,assuming the relative uncertainty of reference value of the scattering ratio R_c was dfined by the difference between the reference and real valves,the uncertainty of the signal and the transmission ratio was less than 30% and 4% respectively. The analytical results showed that the uncertainty of aerosol wavelength exponent could be reduced by increasing pulsed laser energy,prolonging signal collecting time and more accurately demarcating assumed R_c.