由于大气及地物光谱辐射的偏振敏感性,使得可见和红外偏振遥感逐步发展成为地基、航空和卫星观测的新 技术手段,在全球气候变迁研究、对地遥感和天文研究等领域得到应用。根据不同探测目标,从偏振分析机 制和偏振信息获取模式等方面介绍了光学偏振遥感系统研究进展,并结合光与物质相互作用的偏振机理,以 及国内外相关领域可见和红外波段偏振探测实验研究结果,讨论了光谱偏振遥感信息在反演大气、自然地物、 人工目标以及天体等性质中的应用基础研究情况。最后,充分关注偏振光学、光电子技术和计算机技术发展状 况,并考虑先进偏振检测、定标等技术在光学偏振遥感系统中的应用进程,展望了光学偏振遥感技术的发展趋势。

According to the spectral polarization properties of atmospheric radiation and ground object radiation, the polarization remote sensing has been developed as new ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne observation techniques to be applied to many scientific regions, such as the global climate variation investigation, earth remote sensing, and astronomical research. The development of optical polarization remote sensing system is introduced. With the different detection objectives, these polarimeters have their special polarization analytical mechanism and polarization information acquisition model. The polarization mechanics of interacting between the incident radiation and the substance is analyzed too. The experimental results of polarization detection in the visible and infrared wavebands are discussed. The application fundamental research of spectral polarization remote sensing information is described. The spectral polarization information helps to retrieve the properties of atmosphere, natural ground object, man-made object, and celestial body, respectively. At last, the advances of polarization optics, optoelectronics and computer technology are concerned. The application processes of advanced polarization measurement and polarization calibration applied to the optical polarization remote sensing system are emphasized. The trend in development of optical polarization remote sensing technique is predicted.