化学合成成分实时监测技术是一种新颖的化学过程分析方法, 可对化学合成成分进行实时动态监测, 揭示化学反应发生的微观机理、 反应历程和动力学特征, 合理确定反应终点, 提高反应的选择性、 产物质量和收率。 阐述了实时监测技术基本结构与原理, 综述了实时监测技术在化学合成成分分析中的应用, 着重评价了光谱法、 色谱法及其联用技术在化学合成成分实时监测中的研究、 开发和进展。 采用联用技术可发挥色谱的高效分离和定量特性以及光谱灵敏的定性鉴别能力, 以实现对复杂体系中特定成分的实时监控。 随着微处理器和嵌入式系统的研制, 化学合成成分实时分析技术将向微型化、 智能化、 数字化、 功能化且通用性广、 兼容性强的多通道组分监测方向发展。

Real-time monitoring technique for process parameters and/or insight variables of chemical synthetic ingredients is a novel chemical process analysis method, which can real time monitor the chemical synthetic ingredients, reveal the mechanism of chemical reaction occurring, reaction courses and kinetic characteristics, and monitor, control and adjust chemical reaction to determine the endpoint of reaction and enhance selectivity of reaction, quality and yields of product. Many real-time monitoring techniques were achieved to satisfy the demands in several chemical synthetic reactions. The structure and principles of current real-time monitoring techniques was stated, and a review was summarized on its applications in chemical synthetic ingredients. The research, development and applications of real-time monitoring techniques such as spectrometry (i.e. ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, infrared spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy), chromatography (i.e. thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis) and their coupled techniques (i.e. GC-MS, GC-IR and LC-MS) for chemical synthetic ingredients were evaluated. The coupled techniques were utilized to take the advantages of their high performance separation and quantitative power of chromatography, and sensitive and qualitative identification capacity of spectrometric techniques could realize the real-time monitoring for special chemical synthetic ingredients in complex systems. The future developmental trends and application prospects of real-time monitoring techniques are also discussed. With the research & development of microprocessor and embedded system, the real-time monitoring instrument for chemical synthetic ingredients will have a trend to miniaturization, intelligence, digitization, functionalization and multichannel with widely versatile and strongly compatible features.