为了实现飞机姿态的测量，提出用光电经纬仪单站空间余弦姿态测量方法及多站面面交汇测量方法来获得飞机姿态参数。经纬仪单站加距离信息测量飞机姿态时，采用穷举法获得飞机轴线上的特征点，利用空间的位置关系获得空间姿态参数；经纬仪多站交汇方法获得飞机飞行姿态参数时，首先采用Hough变换对二维平面图像拟合获得目标中轴线，然后计算原点到目标的中轴线的垂直距离及原点到目标的中轴线的法线与X轴正向的夹角，获得目标在二维平面的直线方程。目标图像的二维中轴线与摄影系统的光学中心唯一确定了一个空间平面，采用面面交汇的方法，获得空间中轴线，得到飞机轴线的偏航角及俯仰角。实验结果表明，单站测量目标姿态在距离＜6 000 m时，姿态角测量误差＜1°；多站测量目标姿态在交汇角为30～150°时，姿态角测量误差＜0.6°。精度比对结果表明，本文采用的数学模型正确、算法合理，有效提取了飞机的姿态参数。

In order to realize the aircraft attitude measurement,this paper presented measurement methods to obtain the aircraft attitude by using the spatial cosine relationship in the single-station theodolite and using the planes to intersection in the multi-station theodolite. When the single-station theodolite was introduced in a measured distance from the aircraft posture information,an exhaustive approach was used to access to the aircraft axis of the feature points and the location in the space was used to obtain space posture parameters. When the multi-station theodolite was introduced to get the information of the aircraft flight attitude by using the planes to intersection,a two-dimensional image was used to obtain the objective axis by Hough transform fitting algorithm. And then,the vertical distance of the origin to the central axis of a target and the angle between the central axis normal of the targer and the X-axis were calculated to obtain the linear equation in the two-dimensional plane.The two-dimensional axis of target image and the camera system's optical center can only identify a space plane,then the planes to the intersection method was used to obtain the space axis and to get the aircraft yaw axis angle and pitch angle. Experimental results show that that of the single-station theodolite is less than 1° when its distance is less than 6 000 m and that of the multi-station theodolite is less than 0.6° when its intersection angle is between 30° and 150°.According to the test results of the precision comparing,it is concluded that the mathematical model is correct and the algorithm is reasonable in extracting effectively parameters of the aircraft's attitude.