为了精确测量人眼的高低阶像差，设计并搭建了一套人眼波前像差精确测量光学系统。该系统采用夏克-哈特曼波前探测器进行波前探测，可以在不同瞳孔、不同视场和不同调焦状态下精确测量人眼的波前像差。用ZEMAX软件对系统进行模拟分析，验证了该系统的探测精度，讨论了系统的调焦性能。用该系统实验分析了人眼各阶像差的分布情况、瞳孔大小和调焦状态对人眼波前像差的影响，以及人眼波前像差的时间和空间变化特性(变化频率约3 Hz，等晕角约为1.5°)。结果表明, 该系统精度高(PV <1/20λ)，操作方便，是人眼波像差的研究和个性化角膜手术的有力工具。

A precise optical system for measuring wavefront aberrations of human eyes was designed and developed to precisely measure the high and low order wavefront aberrations of human eyes.The system adopted a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to test the wavefront aberrations and could precisely measure wavefront aberrations of human eyes with different pupil diameters, different field angles under different accommodations.By simulating and analyzing with ZEMAX, the system precision was proved, and the diopter adjustment process was analyzed.Some experiments were carried out with the system,in which the effects of the distribution of all kinds of order aberrations, pupil diameters and different accommodations on the human eye wavefront aberrations were analyzed and the aberrations changed with time and space(frequence about 3 Hz，isoplanatic angle about 1.5°) were discussed.It is concluded that the system is precise(PV <1/20λ), convenient and is a good instrument for study on eye aberrations and customized cornea surgeries.