为了分析和研究弹道导弹探测跟踪拦截弹的理论可行性问题,针对采用单传感器仅有测角信息时的被动跟踪技术的首要问题--系统可观测性展开了研究。分析了拦截弹的飞行弹道特点,讨论了不同相对运动状态下的系统可观测性条件,利用矩阵运算及其解的性质得出了在三维被动跟踪中,拦截弹射面内状态参数的可观测性较好而垂直于射面的状态参数的可观测性相对较弱的结论,最后运用经典的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对仅有测角信息的被动跟踪进行了仿真实验,验证了所推导的可观测性结论。

In order to analyze the theoretic feasibility of ballistic missiles detecting and tracking of interceptor,the state observability was studied,which is the principal issue of passive tracking with bearing-only information of single sensor.The flight trajectory characteristics of interceptor were analyzed,and the state observable condition in different relative motion states was discussed.Matrix operation and its solution showed that:in 3-dimensional passive tracking,the observability of state parameters in launching plane was better than that of vertical plane.The classical Extended Kalman Filtering(EKF) algorithm was adopted to simulate passive tracking with bearing-only information,and it proved the observability conclusion deduced herein.