稀土掺杂材料的上转换发光是实现光波频率转换的重要途径，也是稀土掺杂发光材料研究的重要内容。本文从介绍与上转换相关的基本概念出发，阐述了稀土离子上转换发光的发展历史；对稀土离子掺杂材料的能量传递、激发态吸收、合作敏化、合作发光、双光子吸收激发及光子吸收雪崩等上转换发光机制进行了概述，并对各机制进行了比较；对不同稀土离子掺杂体系中上转换发光的机制进行了总结；对以往研究的稀土掺杂上转换发光材料的基质，包括粉体材料、晶体材料、非晶材料进行了概括；最后对影响稀土离子上转换发光效率的因素进行了分析，提出了在上转换发光材料的设计中应重点考虑基质对泵浦光及上转换发射光的吸收、基质材料的声子能量、稀土离子的掺杂方案及泵浦途径等因素。

Up-conversion luminescence in rare earth doped materials is an important approach for the optical frequency conversion as well an important aspect in the researches of luminescent materials. On the basis of the introduction of fundamental concepts of the up-conversion luminescence, the research history of up-conversion luminescence of rare earth doped materials was briefly reviewed and the up-conversion mechanisms including energy transfer, excited state absorption, co-operative sensitization, co-operative luminescence, two-photon absorbed excitation and photon avalanche processes in rare earth doped materials were summarized and compared with each others. Then, the up-conversion luminescence mechanisms for various rare earths doped materials were summarized and the host materials such as phosphors, crystal and non-crystalline solids for rare earth were introduced. Finally, the factors influencing the up-conversion luminescence efficiency were analyzed. It was pointed out that the absorptions of pumping light and emitting light, phonon energies of host materials, the choices of doping ions and pumping routes must be considered in the designs of up-conversion luminescence materials.