为了揭示午夜太阳辐射对三轴稳定卫星光学载荷的定标黑体温度均匀性和定标精度的影响, 进行了基于贴片加热电阻外热流模拟方法的真空实验, 利用电压变化产生的加热功率模拟复杂的太阳辐照度波动。将实验获取的温度数据与仿真计算结果对照验证, 分析了太阳照射过程中黑体温度分布的规律。根据辐射度学理论, 对温度不均匀性产生的定标误差进行了理论计算。实验结果显示：在午夜太阳照射过程中, 边缘受照的黑体温度分布具有对称性, 黑体最高升温幅度为8.8K, 最大温度梯度3.1K/m, 定标相对误差0.1%。研究表明：太阳辐射会显著影响黑体温度的均匀性, 由此产生的定标精度误差不会影响工程应用的要求。

In order to research the influence of midnight’s solar radiation on the temperature and calibration precision of the blackbody in the optical payloads of three-axis-stabilized satellites, a vacuum experiment based on the external heat-flux simulation using chip resistor is carried out. The complex fluctuation of solar irradiance is simulated by the heating power controlled by varying voltage. The temperature data from the experiment is compared with the result of numerical analysis. The temperature distribution of the irradiated blackbody is obtained. According to the theory of radiometry, the calibration error produced by the non-uniformity of temperature is calculated. Experimental results indicate that the temperature distribution of blackbody is symmetrical during solar irradiating, and the maximum of warming is 8.8K, and the maximum of temperature gradient is 3.1 K/m, and the relative error of calibration is 0.1%. It shows that the uniformity of blackbody’s temperature can be influenced observably by solar radiation, but the calibration precision still meets the application requirement.