高精密的X射线成像诊断是深入理解内爆过程，揭示点火尺度下未知物理问题的关键。基于掠入射反射的X射线显微镜，结合亚纳米级的超光滑球面或非球面反射镜，能够实现空间分辨优于5 μm的高分辨成像。介绍了国际惯性约束聚变领域的X射线显微成像技术发展及应用，重点展示了我国在高分辨X射线（KB）显微镜、多通道X射线KB显微镜以及大视场X射线KBA显微镜方向的进展，分析了下一阶段超高分辨X射线显微成像的研究计划。通过不断的技术创新，我国的X射线显微成像诊断能力已经达到国际先进水平。

High-precision X-ray imaging diagnosis is the key to understanding the implosion process and revealing unknown physical problems at the ignition scale. X-ray microscope based on grazing incidence reflection, combined with sub-nanometer ultra-smooth spherical or aspherical mirror, can achieve high-resolution imaging with spatial resolution better than 5 μm. This paper introduces the development and application of foreign X-ray microscopic imaging technology in the field of ICF research, highlights the progress of China’s high-resolution X-ray Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope, multi-channel X-ray KB microscope and large-field X-ray KBA microscope. The research plan for the next stage of ultra-high resolution X-ray microscopic imaging is analyzed. Through continuous technological innovation, China''s X-ray microscopic imaging diagnostic capabilities have reached the internationally advanced level.