采用悬浮聚合法以丙烯腈和二乙烯苯交联合成聚丙烯腈聚合物微球, 以原子吸收光谱(AAS)法研究了它对重金属离子的吸附性能, 实验结果表明, 聚丙烯腈聚合物对Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+和Zn2+具有不同程度的吸附容量; 酸度、 吸附时间、 离子浓度和温度等对其吸附性能均有一定的影响。 以AAS法确定聚丙烯腈聚合物的最佳吸附条件; 其对金属离子的最佳吸附容量出现在溶液pH值为5～6范围内, 静态吸附时间达到1.5～2 h时吸附基本达到平衡, 室温下, 吸附容量较大, 温度高于40 ℃时吸附容量逐渐降低, 因此选择室温为最佳吸附温度。 在最佳吸附条件下聚合物对Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附容量(mg·g-1)分别达到26.6, 45.2, 39.7和32.5。 吸附时间为1.5～2 h时吸附率分别达到83.6%, 87.1%, 85.3%和86.7%。 在5 h以上时吸附率可达到96%。 选用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液作为解吸剂洗脱金属离子, 解吸率可达到95%。 同时还探讨了聚合物的吸附作用机理。

The crosslinked polymer polyacrylonitrile was synthesized by suspension polymerization using acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene. It has been used as adsorbent of some toxic heavy metals in environmental waters. Its adsorption for metals and the factors which affect the adsorption capacity were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The experimental results showed that under the optimal adsorption conditions, the pH of adsorbate solution was 5-6, static adsorption time was 1.5-2 h, and adsorption procedure was carried out at room temperature, polyacrylonitrile as adsorbent has high adsorption capacity (mg·g-1) for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+, which can reach 26.6, 45.2, 39.7 and 32.5 separately. Adsorption rate (%) was 83.6, 87.1, 85.3 and 86.7 respectively during the 1.5-2 h static adsorption time. It will be more than five-hour static adsorption time before adsorption rate reaches more than 96%. Using 0.10 mol·L-1 chloride acid as the best desorption solvent to desorb the adsorbates, the recovery of them reached 95%. At the same time the adsorption mechanism of polymer was studied.