核酸与有机小分子的反应机理对认识核酸的结构与功能具有重要作用， 也是揭示核酸的生物功能与一些药物的作用机制的重要途径。 研究核酸与有机小分子之间的相互作用对生命过程的模拟和生命本质的探索具有十分重要的意义， 并对近年来该领域采用的荧光光谱法进行了综述， 从温度、 双分子猝灭过程的速率常数、 荧光寿命以及吸收光谱的变化等方面作了论述， 从而确定了核酸与有机小分子(染料和药物)之间相互作用的荧光猝灭类型； 总结了结合常数、 荧光给体-受体间的作用距离、 作用力类型及结合方式的多种求算方法， 并分别阐述了核酸与染料及药物在不同结合数下生成常数的计算方法。 这对研究核酸与有机小分子之间的作用机理、 开发新的核酸探针以及以核酸为靶标的药物分子的设计有一定的指导意义。

The interaction mechanism of nucleic acid with small organic molecules plays an important role in the recognition of the structure and function of nucleic acids, which can also reveal the biological function of nucleic acids and the mechanism of some drugs. Research on the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules plays an important part in simulating the life process and exploring the essence of life. In the present article, detailed description of the fluorescence spectroscopy research methods used in this field is presented. The fluorescence quenching types of the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules(including dyes and drugs)are discussed. There are many factors influencing the fluorescence quenching type, including the temperature, the rate constant of bimolecular quenching process, the fluorescence lifetime, changes of the absorption spectra and so on. So according to different affecting factors, the fluorescence quenching type can be determined based on corresponding theories. Many different kinds of calculation methods are also summarized, including the calculations of the binding constant, the distance between fluorescence donor and receptor, the interaction force type and the binding mode of nucleic acid with small organic molecules. Furthermore, the formation constant of nucleic acid with small organic molecules is studied with different binding numbers. These conclusions have guiding significance for studying the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules. These results can also provide guidance for the development of new nucleic acid probe, and the design of new drug molecules, of which nucleic acid is the important target.