传统热红外遥感探测水面溢油污染时需要大面积洁净水域与污染水域进行辐射对比, 并且通过红外影像无法鉴别溢油种类。 为了能够及时了解某一水域的溢油污染程度以及溢油的种类, 文章提出了差分偏振FTIR光谱法探测水面溢油污染。 该方法通过获取分析目标在水平和垂直两个偏振方向的偏振强度差谱对目标实现探测, 具有很好的时效性。 文章分析了差分偏振FTIR光谱探测的辐射传输模型, 并在室外对水面0号柴油油膜和SF96油膜进行了差分偏振FTIR光谱探测实验。 实验结果表明该方法不需要大面积洁净水域进行辐射对比即可直接对水面溢油污染物进行探测, 并且通过分析差分偏振FTIR光谱中的光谱特征可以识别水面溢油的种类。 该方法弥补了传统热红外遥感探测水面溢油污染的局限性。

Detection of oil spills on water, by traditional thermal remote sensing, is based on the radiance contrast between the large area of clean water and the polluted area of water. And the categories of oil spills can not be identified by analysing the thermal infrared image. In order to find out the extent of pollution and identify the oil contaminants, an approach to the passive detection of oil spills on water by differential polarization FTIR spectrometry is proposed. This approach can detect the contaminants by obtaining and analysing the subtracted spectrum of horizontal and vertical polarization intensity spectrum. In the present article, the radiance model of differential polarization FTIR spectrometry is analysed, and an experiment about detection of No.0 diesel and SF96 film on water by this method is presented. The results of this experiment indicate that this method can detect the oil contaminants on water without radiance contrast with clean water, and it also can identify oil spills by analysing the spectral characteristic of differential polarization FTIR spectrum. So it well makes up for the shortage of traditional thermal remote sensing on detecting oil spills on water.