建立了一种基于近红外光谱分析技术的方法, 对熊胆粉的真伪进行了鉴别, 并对掺伪品中熊胆粉的掺入比例进行了定量分析。 采集了四处不同产地的30份熊胆粉样品, 六份猪胆粉份样品, 以及65份按不同比例混合的熊胆粉与猪胆粉的混合样品的近红外光谱, 对所采集的样品光谱进行主成分分析, 观察到熊胆及其伪品和掺伪品之间存在明显的界限, 不同产地的熊胆粉之间也存在着一定的差别。 同时利用偏最小二乘方法对熊胆粉, 猪胆粉, 及二者的混合物建立了判别分析模型和掺伪熊胆粉中熊胆粉的掺入比例的定量校正模型, 判别分析模型预测的准确率为95%, 定量分析模型的预测集决定系数为0.975 9, 预测均方差为4.25%, 预测效果满意。 研究结果有助于实现熊胆粉的快速、 无损鉴别, 并为其他贵重药材的质量鉴定提供了借鉴。

A method based on the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was established for the authentication of bear bile powder and the quantitative analysis of the proportion in the counterfeits. The NIR spectra of 30 bear bile powder samples from 4 different origins, 6 pig gall powder samples, and 65 mixed samples of bear bile powder and pig gall powder with different proportions range from 0 to 100% were collected. The principal component analysis (PCA) was done and well-marked boundaries were observed between the bear bile and the counterfeits, also the bear bile samples from different origins. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to differentiate the bear bile and the counterfeits, and the rate of accuracy is 95%. Finally, the PLS calibration model was established for the quantitative analysis of the bear bile proportion in the counterfeits, the coefficient of determination of the prediction set is 0.975 9, and the root-mean-square prediction error is 4.25%, which indicated that the result was satisfied. This research contributes to the rapid and undamaged identification of bear bile powder, and also offers reference for the quality identification of other expensive medicinal materials.