采用HNO3-H2O2 的消解体系, 应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法( ICP-MS)同时测定枳壳中Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu五种微量重金属元素含量, 方法对试样中各元素测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6%～5.4%, 加标回收率为85%～109%, 快速、 准确、 灵敏度高, 适用于枳壳中五种重金属元素含量的测定。 同时考察了微波提取、 超声波提取和传统煎煮法对枳壳中五种重金属元素溶出的情况。 结果表明: 微波提取液中As和Pb的含量比超声提取和煎煮提取的略低, 三种不同提取方法的枳壳提取液中五种微量重金属元素的含量均低于《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的限量标准, 而微波萃取法在有效成分的提取中具有快速, 高效等特点, 同时也是安全的。

The method for the determination of 5 kinds of trace heavy metal elements (Cu, As, Hg, Cd and Pb) in Fructus Aurantii by inductively coupled plasma-mass (ICP-MS) with HNO3-H2O2 microwave digestion was established. The recoveries of the elements detected were in the range of 85%～109% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) was in the range of 3.6%～5.4%. It indicates that the method is rapid, sensitive and accurate. It was suitable for the determination of the contents of 5 trace heavy metal elements in Fructus Aurantii. The dissolution characteristics of the 5 heavy metal elements in different extraction methods (microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic extraction and decocting extraction, respectively) were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of trace elements As and Pb obtained by microwave-assisted extraction were relatively lower than that by ultrasonic extraction and decocting extraction. The dissolving concentrations of the 5 trace heavy metal elements (Cu, As, Hg, Cd and Pb) in Fructus Aurantii in different extracting methods were all lower than the limits of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Green Trade Standard for Importing and Exporting Medicinal Plant and Preparation. Microwave-assisted extraction for effective constituent was rapid, effective and safe.