激光微喷丸强化是利用微尺度脉冲激光和材料相互作用诱导的冲击波压力实施表面改性的新技术，可适应于宏观和微观金属构件的表面处理。通过控制工艺参数和合理的路径规划能够在材料表层产生有益的残余压应力分布和规则的几何形貌，有效改善材料的耐磨、耐腐蚀和抗疲劳性能，从而有效提高结构零件的使用寿命。在介绍激光微喷丸技术原理和特点的基础上，分析了激光微喷丸工艺过程涉及和需解决的一些关键科学问题，概述了激光微喷丸强化在压力模型、相关试验、数值模拟和表面完整性等方面的研究成果和进展，指出了目前激光微喷丸强化改性研究中存在的问题，并对激光微喷丸技术的发展及其应用进行了展望。

Micro-scale laser shot peening (μLSP) is proposed as a new technology using shock wave pressure generated by the interaction between micro-scale laser beam and material to implement surface treatment, which can be adapted to macro and micro surface treatment of metal components. Process parameters controlling and a reasonable path planning are beneficial to generate useful residual stress distribution and regular geometric morphology, which can significantly change the material wear resistance and improve the anti-fatigue property as well as corrosion resistance. Based on the introduction of principles and characteristics of μLSP technology, the key scientific problems in μLSP process are analyzed, the research progress of shock wave pressure model, related experiments, numerical simulation and surface modification are described, the current existed problems are discussed, and applicative prospect as well as technology development of μLSP is also looked forward.