使用自组装法制备了蛋白石结构二氧化硅纳米球三维光子晶体，并对样品在150, 300, 450 ℃温度下进行了热处理。随热处理温度的升高，光子晶体禁带中心波长出现22.5 nm的蓝移，且禁带宽度变窄。对于在450 ℃热处理的样品，其测量的禁带中心波长为572.5 nm ，与理论计算结果有较大差异。引起样品光学特性变化的原因是热处理后二氧化硅球体形变和重构。进一步分析了小球形变对样品光学特性的影响，根据实验结果，修正了计算模型。利用修正后的模型计算样品禁带中心波长为558nm，和实验结果符合良好。

The opal photonic crystals were fabricated with silica colloidal particles. These opal photonic crystal samples were annealed at 150,300,450 ℃ separately. For the photonic crystals annealed at 450 ℃, the central wavelength of photonic band gap(PBG) was measured at 572.5 nm, which was greatly different from the calculated result at 605 nm. In addition, the samples showed a blue shift for 22.5 nm and a reduction of the photonic band gap width upon increasing the annealing temperature. The shrink and deformation of silica colloidal particles were observed by SEM. The influence mechanism of the deformation was analyzed quantitatively, and the theoretical model was amended. The central wavelength of PBG re-calculated with the amended dodecahedron model was 558 nm, which fit the measured result much better than that calculated with the old sphere model. The new dodecahedron model provides a way to analyze the optical properties of the deformed opal PCs in theory, and shall be of significant value on the fabrication and application of photonic crystals devices.