就时间抖动对相位编码量子密钥分发(QKD)系统量子误码率(QBER)的影响进行了系统的分析，建立了相位编码QKD系统量子误码率和时间抖动关系的物理模型，给出了单光子脉冲的一般波形函数和量子误码率之间的关系。针对高斯脉冲分布，导出了时间抖动引起的相位编码QKD系统的量子误码率与脉冲宽度和时间抖动分布参数之间的定量关系。得出高斯分布的单光子脉冲在确定的时间抖动分布的情况下系统的量子误码率。提出了通过控制系统抖动参数和单光子脉冲宽度来减小系统量子误码率的方法。

The quantum bit error rate (QBER) caused by time jitter in the phase-coding quantum key distribution (QKD) system is analysed. The physical model of the relation between the QBER and the time jitter in the phase-coding QKD is proposed. The formula between the general waveform function of the single photon pulses and QBER is given. Based on the distribution of Gaussian pulse, the quantitative relation among QBER, the pulse width and the distribution of the time jitter is educed, based on which the QBER of a certain time jitter distribution can be calculated in the Gaussian single photon pulse. The method of reducing the QBER by the control of the system′s time jitter and the width of single photon pulse is proposed.