以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶工艺，结合高温碳化和溶剂替换常压干燥技术，制备了碳气凝胶。通过改变间苯二酚与碳酸钠的物质的量比和反应物间苯二酚与甲醛的质量分数，实现对碳气凝胶孔洞结构的控制。制备了钯掺杂碳气凝胶。以透射电镜、X射线衍射谱证实了钯元素以纳米单质颗粒形式存在于碳气凝胶的骨架结构中。对掺杂碳气凝胶进行了活化工艺的后处理，成功提高了比表面积有2倍之多，获得了比表面积为1 273 m2/g的钯掺杂碳气凝胶。氢吸附性能研究结果表明：最优活化工艺所得的碳气凝胶样品(3 212 m2/g)在92 K，3.5 MPa条件下的饱和储氢质量分数为3%，此样品在303 K，3.2 MPa时的储氢质量分数为0.84%。对钯掺杂碳气凝胶的常温(303 K)氢吸附测试表明，掺杂后碳气凝胶的总储氢质量分数下降了，但单位比表面积的储氢质量分数提高了。

Carbon aerogels were prepared from resorcinol and formaldehyde via sol-gel process, high temperature carbonization and atmospheric pressure drying technology with solvent replacement. By changing the resorcinol-sodium carbonate molar ratio and the mass fraction of the reactants, resorcinol and formaldehyde, the pore structure of carbon aerogels can be controlled and the palladium-doped carbon aerogels were prepared. By transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) spectra, it is confirmed that the Pd exists in the skeleton structure of carbon aerogels as a form of nano simple substance pellet. The specific surface area is successfully raised by 2 times , and palladium-doped carbon aerogels with a specific surface area of 1 273 m2/g have been obtained by carrying out the activation process as the post-processing to the doped carbon aerogels. The hydrogen adsorption results show that the saturated hydrogen storage mass fraction of the carbon aerogels with the specific surface area of3 212 m2/g is 3% in the condition of 92 K, 3.5 MPa, and 0.84% in the condition of 303 K, 3.2 MPa. In addition, the hydrogen adsorption test of palladium-doped carbon aerogels at room temperature (303 K) shows that the total hydrogen storage capacity of doped carbon aerogels is declined due to the relative small specific surface, but the hydrogen storage of unit specific surface area is enhanced.