The detonation temperature is measured both theoretically and experimentally by means of a complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) image sensor. An experimental system of multiwavelength temperature measurement based on CMOS image sensing technology is designed and realized. The instant spectral information of each moment is captured by row with the CMOS image sensor, depending on the unique characteristic of its rolling shutter. With the use of multiwavelength temperature measurement theory and by fitting spectrum emissivity through the regressive least square method, the color temperature of the detonation whose temperature is variable can be obtained continuously. The system is calibrated by measuring the standard spectrum of the laser. In our system, four time temperatures are measured within 10-μs detonation. Results show that the system has a higher measuring accuracy and speed, and can be applied in high-speed spectral information collection and storage during the detonation.