为了实现高光谱遥感系统调制传递函数(MTF)的在轨测试，以色散推扫型高光谱遥感系统为例分析了系统的像质退化因素并研究了MTF检测方法和流程。首先，分析了色散型高光谱遥感系统MTF三维可分性原理。然后，针对高光谱遥感图像信噪比一般较低的特点，提出了一种抗噪声的MTF检测方法；又根据该图像波段众多的特点，提出了高光谱图像刀刃法MTF测试区域的选择标准。最后，以PHI遥感图像为例对所提出的方法进行了检验。用本文提出的方法对PHI图像进行MTF提取，利用提取出的MTF对原退化图像进行了恢复。结果显示，各波段图像平均梯度提高了67.1%，细节信号能量提高了65.2%，结果证明了MTF检测方法的有效性。

In order to realize the measurement for Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) of an on-orbit hyperspectral remote sensing system, factors of image quality degradation of the system were analyzed and the detection method for MTF was discussed by taking the dispersive hyperspectral remote sensing system for an example. Firstly, the three-dimensional separability of the MTF of the dispersive hyperspectral remote sensing system was illustrated.Then, an anti-noise MTF detecting technique was proposed concerning the charateristic of the low signal-to-noise ratio of the hyperspectral remote sensing system. A criterion of selecting MTF detection region was also proposed based on the large quantity of the bands in hyperspectral systems. Finally, the proposed methods were demonstrated by using the PHI remote sensing images and the PHI degraded images were restored with the detected MTF. Experimental results indicate that the average gradient has been improved by 67.1% and the detail-signal energy improved by 65.2%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.