为了研究大气激光通信中稳定跟踪所采用的器件及有效跟踪方法，分析了光束定位探测器件(电荷耦合器件和四象限光电探测器)的灵敏度特性，结合影响大气激光通信跟踪系统性能的五种大气湍流效应，分别讨论了光束漂移、光强起伏、光斑弥散、到达角起伏及光束扩展的原理.对质心跟踪算法和形心跟踪算法定位准确度的影响进行分析，得到在大气条件下形心算法的跟踪误差小于质心误差的结论，并通过实验进行了验证.

Aiming at stabilizational tracking technology for atmospheric laser communication system, sensitivity characteristics of the beam position detectors(CCD and QD) were analyzed. Five kinds of turbulence effects such as beam wander, intensity fluctuations,dispersed spot, angle of arrival fluctuation and beam spreading for tracking precision and their mathematical models were discussed. Then, simulation results of turbulence effects under various conditions were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that tracking error of shape center capturing algorithms is less than tracking error of centroid localization algorithm.