光学相控阵技术是一种灵活、快速和精确的非机械光束定向扫描技术，具有分辨率高，抗干扰和高保密性等优点。综述了电控扫描的光学相控阵技术的应用背景，对以铌酸锂晶体、锆钛酸铅镧陶瓷等电光材料和液晶为移相器材料的光学相控阵技术的最新研究进展进行了详细介绍，讨论了这几种光学相控阵技术的优缺点和适用性，以及光学相控阵器件实用化所需要解决的关键问题，最后对光学相控阵技术发展前景进行了展望。

Optical phased array is a kind of agile, rapid and accurate non-mechanical scanning technology. It has many merits such as high resolution, anti-jamming and keeping secrets. The application background of optical phased array is presented. Recent research developments of optical phased arrays are introduced, including different optical shifter based on LiNbO3, PLZT ceramics and liquid crystal. Their characteristics and applicability are discussed. And the developing prospect of the optical phased array utility are presented.