本文基于菲涅耳-克希霍夫(Fresnel-Kirchhoff)积分推导了在菲涅耳(Fresnel)近似下,光栅在光学系统中的衍射自成像现象:广义的Talbot效应。并把几何成像归结为Talbot成像的一个特殊情况。依据广义Talbot公式,讨论了在平行光、球面波照明时,光栅的衍射自成像特点。最后,用干涉观点解释了光学系统中的衍射自成像现象。

The diffraction self-imaging phenomenon of the grating in the optical system-general Talbot effect, is studied with aid of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral in the Fresnel approximation. The geometrical imaging is considered as a special case of Talbot imaging. According to Talbot formula, the properties of the diffraction self-imaging of the grating illuminated by parallel and spherical wave are discussed respectively. Finally, Talbot effect is explained by the method of the interference.