为了防止输电线路激光除冰过程中激光损伤绝缘子等电力设备，采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对激光与普通瓷、氧化铝瓷、氧化锆瓷、堇青石瓷作用后的温度场和应力场进行了数值模拟，得到氧化铝瓷具有较好的抗热应力破坏性能，并进行了Nd∶YAG激光照射绝缘子表面实验，得到绝缘子表面温度与照射时间和损伤类型的关系。结果表明，激光功率密度和照射时间是影响绝缘子破坏的重要因素，瓷绝缘子表面损伤包括热损伤和热应力破坏，破坏类型与表面温度相关。提出了瞄准、控制、激光除冰与其它除冰方式相结合等保护措施。这一结果对输电线路激光除冰工程应用中保障电力设施的安全是有帮助的。

During the process of laser de-icing applied in the electric grid, the electrical equipment such as insulator should not be damaged by the laser. The temperature and stress field distributions of normal porcelain, alumina porcelain, zirconium oxide porcelain and cordierite porcelain after laser irradiating are obtained by using ANSYS software. The results show that alumina porcelain has advantages in characteristics of anti-damage of thermal induced stress. The experiments of surface damage of insulator with Nd∶YAG laser irradiation are explored. The relations between surface temperature and irradiating time are obtained. So is the damage form. Numerical analysis and experiment results are both show that laser power density and irradiating time are considered as the important influence factors of laser damage of the insulator. Thermal damage and thermal-stress damage are the main types of laser damage of porcelain insulator, which are related to the surface temperature after laser irradiation. The anti-damage methods of aiming and controlling, combining laser de-icing with other de-icing methods to protect the insulator are also proposed.