稀土掺杂纳米体系的荧光发射过程主要取决于稀土离子的性质和基质结构。对于给定体系，可控荧光性能的构筑包括改变纳米颗粒自身性质和外部条件两个方面。改变颗粒自身性质的途径主要包括调节纳米晶体的成分、结构、掺杂元素的性质、浓度及颗粒的大小、形貌、表面修饰以及通过纳米金属结构实现的金属增强等。外部环境的改变则主要包括颗粒的环境温度和泵浦方式等。本文阐述了影响荧光发射的主要因素和调控荧光性质的主要途径, 并着重对晶体结构变化和稀土共掺杂所引起的局域对称性和相互作用变化进行讨论。

The fluorescence emission of rare earth doped nanocrystal depends on the optical active ion and its matrix structure. For a given system, it can be adjusted either by changing the characteristics of the particle or by improving the environmental conditions around the particle. The characteristics of the particle can be modified by adjusting the content and structure of the matrix crystal, codopant ion and its concentration, morphology and size of the particle, surface modification as well as the introduction of enhancement through metallic surfaces. The environmental change could refer to the environmental temperature and the excitation of the system. In current paper, possible factors that influence the fluorescence emission as well as frequently used techniques for controlling the fluorescence properties are reviewed briefly. Changes in local symmetry and interactions of optically active ion with neighbored ions, which are mainly induced by adjusting the crystal structure and codoping process, are discussed intensively.